However, Jaichand and Prithviraj belonged to a rival Rajput clan. On finding out about the affair, Raja Jaichand was outraged that a romance had been budding behind his back. Jaichand decided to insult Prithviraj and arranged a swayamvara for his daughter in CE. He invited royalty from far and wide to the ceremony, every eligible prince and king- except Prithviraj. He then commissioned a clay statue of Prithviraj, which served as a dvarpala or, a figurative 'doorman' to Jaichand's court.
Prithviraj Chauhan, on hearing about the impending swayamvara , devised a plan to elope with the bride to be. On the day of the ceremony, Samyukta walked through the court holding the ceremonial garland, ignoring the gazes of her ardent suitors.
She passed through the door and put the garland around the neck of Prithviraj's statue, declaring him her husband. Prithiviraj, who meanwhile was hiding behind the statue, caught Samyukta up in his arms, set her on his horse, and whisked her away to Delhi.
Raja Jaichand was enraged. This led to a rift between Delhi and Kannauj, which was later taken advantage of by Mohammad Ghori of Afghanistan. The historicity of Samyukta is a matter of debate. Prithviraj Raso is a historically unreliable text, having been embellished under the patronage of the Rajput rulers since the 16th century. However, some scholars such as Dasharatha Sharma believe that the more reliable Prithviraja Vijaya , which was composed during the reign of Prithviraj Chauhan, also contains a reference to Samyukta.
An unfinished theme in the 11th chapter of Prithviraja Vijaya refers to Prithviraj's love for an unnamed woman who lived on the banks of the Ganges river just like Samyukta. This woman is mentioned as an incarnation of Tilottama, a legendary apsara celestial nymph.
However, even if this woman is same as Samyukta, there is no concrete evidence to support the Prithviraj Raso narrative of Samyuka's abduction and marriage to Prithviraj Chauhan. The life of Prithviraj Chauhan has also been the subject of a television show aired on Star Plus, and a historical film titled Raani Samyuktha was made in with Padmini and M.
Prithviraj defeated Udal's contingent, and then left for Delhi. Subsequently, unhappy with Mahil's scheming, Udal and his brother Alha left the Chandela court. They started serving Jaichand, the Gahadavala ruler of Kannauj. Mahil then secretly informed Prithviraj that Chandela kingdom had become weak in absence of its strongest generals.
Prithviraj invaded the Chandela kingdom, and besieged Sirsagarh, which was held by Udal's cousin Malkhan. After failing to win over Malkhan through peaceful methods and losing eight generals, Prithviraj captured the fort. The Chandelas then appealed for a truce, and used this time to recall Alha and Udal from Kannauj. In support of the Chandelas, Jaichand dispatched an army led by his best generals, including two of his own sons. The combined Chandela-Gahadavala army attacked Prithviraj's camp, but was defeated.
After his victory, Prithviraj sacked Mahoba. According to the various legends, Paramardi either died or retired shortly after the attack. Prithviraj returned to Delhi after appointing Pajjun Rai as the governor of Mahoba. Later, Paramardi's son recaptured Mahoba. The exact historicity of this legendary narrative is debatable. The Madanpur inscriptions establish that Prithviraj sacked Mahoba, but historical evidence indicates that he did not occupy Mahoba or Kalinjar.
It is known that Paramardi did not die or retire immediately after the Chauhan victory; in fact, he continued ruling as a sovereign nearly a decade after Prithviraj's death.
Prithviraj was not able to annex the Chandela territory to his kingdom. This implies that the two kings were previously at war. The Veraval inscription states that Bhima's prime minister Jagaddeva Pratihara was 'the moon to the lotus-like queens of Prithviraja' a reference to the belief that the moon-rise causes a day-blooming lotus to close its petals.
The historically unreliable Prithviraj Raso provides some details about the Chahamana-Chaulukya struggle. Prithviraj's marriage to her led to a rivalry between the two kings. Historian G. Ojha dismisses this legend as fiction, because it states that Ichchhini was a daughter of Salakha, while Dharavarsha was the Paramara ruler of Abu at the time.
Historian R. Singh, on the other hand, believes that Salakha was the head of another Paramara branch at Abu. To avenge these murders, Bhima invaded the Chahamana kingdom and killed Prithviraj's father Someshvara, capturing Nagor in the process. This is known to be historically false, as the reign of Bhima II lasted nearly half a century after Prithviraj's death.
Similarly, historical evidence suggests Bhima II was a child at the time of Someshvara's death, and therefore, could not have killed him.
Despite these discrepancies, there is some evidence of a battle between the Chahamanas and the Chaulukyas at Nagor. The Mohils are a branch of the Chauhans the Chahamanas , and it is possible the inscriptions refer to the battle described in Prithviraj Raso. According to Kharatara-Gachchha-Pattavali , a chief named Abhayada once sought Jagaddeva's permission to attack and rob the wealthy visitors from Sapadalaksha country the Chahamana territory.
In response, Jagaddeva told Abhayada that he had concluded a treaty with Prithviraj with much difficulty. Jaggadeva then threatened to have Abhayada sewn in a donkey's belly if he harassed the people of Sapadalaksha. Historian Dasharatha Sharma theorizes that the Chahamana-Chaulukya conflict ended with some advantage for Prithviraj, as Jagaddeva appears to have been very anxious to preserve the treaty.
Abu was ruled by the Chaulukya feudatory Dharavarsha, who belonged to a branch of the Paramara dynasty. Partha-Parakrama-Vyayoga by his younger brother Prahaladana describes Prithviraj's night attack on Abu. This attack, according to the text, was a failure for the Chahamanas. It probably happened during the Gujarat campaign of Prithviraj. The Gahadavala kingdom, centered around Kannauj and headed by another powerful king Jayachandra, was located to the east of the Chahamana kingdom.
According to a legend mentioned in Prithviraj Raso , Prithviraj eloped with Jayachandra's daughter Samyogita, leading to a rivalry between the two kings. The legend goes like this: King Jaichand Jayachandra of Kannauj decided to conduct a Rajasuya ceremony to proclaim his supremacy.
Prithviraj refused to participate in this ceremony, and thus, refused to acknowledge Jaichand as the supreme king. Jaichand's daughter Samyogita fell in love with Prithviraj after hearing about his heroic exploits, and declared that she would marry only him.
Jaichand arranged a swayamvara husband-selection ceremony for his daughter, but did not invite Prithviraj. Nevertheless, Prithviraj marched to Kannauj with a hundred warriors and eloped with Samyogita. Two-third of his warriors sacrificed their life in fight against the Gahadavala army, allowing him to escape to Delhi with Samyogita. In Delhi, Prithviraj became infatuated with his new wife, and started spending most of his time with her.
He started ignoring the state affairs, which ultimately led to his defeat against Muhammad of Ghor. Prithviraja Vijaya mentions that Prithviraj fell in love with the incarnation of an apsaraTilottama, although he had never seen this woman and was already married to other women. According to historian Dasharatha Sharma, this is probably a reference to Samyogita.
However, this legend is not mentioned in other historical sources such as Prithviraja-Prabandha , Prabandha-Chintamani , Prabandha-Kosha and Hammira-Mahakavya. According to Dasharatha Sharma [32] and R. Singh, [33] there might be some historical truth in this legend, as it is mentioned in three different sources.
All three sources place the event sometime before Prithviraj's final confrontation with Muhammad of Ghor in CE. No historical records suggest existence of these persons. This is historically inaccurate, as Delhi was annexed to the Chahamana territory by Prithviraj's uncle Vigraharaja IV.
The claim about his daughter's marriage to Prithviraj appears to have been concocted at a later date. Prithviraj's predecessors had faced multiple raids from the Muslim dynasties that had captured the north-western areas of the Indian subcontinent by the 12th century. During its march to Gujarat, the Ghurid army appears to have passed through the western frontier of the Chahamana kingdom, as evident by the destruction of several temples and sacking of the Bhati-ruled Lodhruva.
However, it does not mention any military engagement between the two kingdoms. Prithviraj's chief minister Kadambavasa advised him not to offer any assistance to the rivals of the Ghurids, and to stay away from this conflict. Over the next few years, Muhammad of Ghor consolidated his power in the territory to the west of the Chahamanas, conquering Peshawar, Sindh, and Punjab.
He shifted his base from Ghazna to Punjab, and made attempts to expand his empire eastwards, which brought him into conflict with Prithviraj. Prithviraja Vijaya mentions that Muhammad of Ghor sent an ambassador to Prithviraj, but does not provide any details. The envoy tried to convince Prithviraj to 'abandon belligerence and pursue the path of rectitude', but was unsuccessful.
As a result, Muhammad decided to wage a war against Prithviraj. The medieval Muslim writers mention only one or two battles between the two rulers. Jami-ul-Hikaya and Taj-ul-Maasir mention only the second battle of Tarain, in which Prithviraj was defeated. However, the Hindu and Jain writers state that Prithviraj defeated Muhammad multiple times before being killed: [43]. The story is based on Prithv. The story is based on Prithviraj Raso , the Apabhramsha poem by Chand Bardai which portrays the life of Prithviraj Chauhan, a 12th-century emperor in India.
The drama is based on Prithviraj Chauhan, a ruler of the Chauhan dynasty. Proficient in military skills, he took the throne of Ajmer at age 13 after his father died in battle.
His maternal grandfather, Anangpal Tomar, ruler of Delhi, declared Prithviraj Chauhan his heir after discovering his courage and bravery. This antagonizes King Jaichand Jaichand of Kannauj who was expecting to be declared the heir. Chauhan falls in love with Sanyogita Samyukta , the daughter of his enemy, Jaichand and elopes with her at her swayamvara ceremony.
0コメント